Business Plan Template
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Ember & Oak Coffee Roasters
Portland, Oregon · Est. 2019
Business Plan · 2027–2030
A second home on Alberta Street
Expansion plan for a specialty roastery and café, opening our second Portland location in the Alberta Arts District in spring 2027.
Funding request $180,000
Instrument SBA 7(a) loan
Term 10 years
Prepared for Columbia Ridge Community Bank
Small Business Lending
Prepared by Maya Okafor-Lind &
Daniel Reyes, Co-founders
Date October 2026
Version 2.1
Roasted in Portland. Built to last.
This plan sets out why a second Ember & Oak café is the right next step, how we will run it, and how the loan will be repaid from cash flow that the business already earns.
All projections cover the first three years after the Alberta café opens, April 2027 through March 2030, and include both cafés and our wholesale roasting business.
ContactEmber & Oak Coffee Co., LLC
2418 SE Division Street
Portland, OR 97202
(503) 555-0142
hello@emberandoak.example.com
Contents
01 Executive SummaryThe opportunity, the ask, and the numbers that matter 02 Company DescriptionMission, history, legal structure, and locations 03 Products & ServicesCafé, wholesale roasting, retail and subscriptions 04 Market AnalysisMarket size, target segments, and trends 05 Competitive AnalysisNearby competitors and our position 06 Marketing & Sales StrategyLaunch plan, channels, budget, and targets 07 Operations PlanSite, suppliers, staffing, and milestones 08 Management TeamOwners, advisors, and the Alberta lead 09 Financial PlanUse of funds, projections, and break-even 10 Funding Request & AppendixLoan terms, collateral, and supporting documents
01
The plan at a glance
Executive Summary
Ember & Oak is a profitable, seven-year-old specialty roastery and café on SE Division Street. We are asking for a $180,000 SBA 7(a) loan to open a second café on NE Alberta Street, a neighborhood where our wholesale coffee already sells and our regulars already live.
Funding ask $180K SBA 7(a), 10-year term; owners add $45K equity
Year-3 revenue $1.74M Both cafés plus wholesale, up from $842K in 2026
Break-even Month 10 Alberta café covers its full costs, incl. loan payment
Year-1 DSCR 2.38× EBITDA of $69.4K vs. $29.1K annual debt service
The opportunity
Our Division Street café serves about 215 guests a day and has outgrown its 38 seats. Loyalty data shows that 22% of our members live in the 97211 and 97217 ZIP codes, which have no café that roasts its own coffee. A vacant 1,650 sq ft corner unit at 1730 NE Alberta Street, a former bakery with existing plumbing and venting, lets us open with a lighter build-out than a raw space.
The business today
We expect 2026 revenue of $842,000: $612,000 from the café, $148,000 from wholesale accounts, and $82,000 from retail bags and online subscriptions. The company has been profitable every year since 2021 and has never missed a payment on its existing equipment lease.
The plan
The loan funds build-out, espresso equipment, opening inventory, and a $20,000 working-capital reserve. Coffee for both cafés is roasted at our Division Street roastery, so the new site needs no roasting equipment and gets our wholesale price on beans from day one.
Why it will work
- Proven menu, systems, and suppliers, copied to a second site
- An opening manager promoted from inside, trained for 14 months
- In-house roasting gives a 76% gross margin on a latte, our best-selling drink
- Conservative ramp: the Alberta café reaches only 60% of Division Street's sales in its first year
“We are not testing a concept. We are opening a second copy of a café that already works, three miles from the first.”
02
Who we are
Company Description
Mission
To roast honest, carefully sourced coffee and serve it in rooms that feel like the best part of a neighborhood.
Ember & Oak began in 2019 as a 5-kilo roaster in a shared kitchen. Co-founders Maya Okafor-Lind and Daniel Reyes opened the Division Street café in March 2020, two weeks before the first pandemic closures, and kept the business alive on a walk-up window and online bean sales. That window became a habit for the neighborhood, and the café has grown every year since.
Today we roast about 2,350 pounds of coffee a month on a 15-kilo drum roaster. Roughly 40% goes through our own café, 50% to 31 wholesale accounts (restaurants, offices, and two grocery co-ops), and 10% to retail bags and subscriptions.
History & milestones
| Year | Milestone |
|---|---|
| 2019 | Company formed; first roasts sold at the Lents farmers market |
| 2020 | Division Street café and roastery open; walk-up window launched |
| 2022 | Upgraded to a 15-kilo roaster; first grocery co-op account |
| 2024 | “Best Neighborhood Café” in the Southeast Weekly readers' poll |
| 2026 | Revenue of $842K forecast; 31 wholesale accounts; 210 subscribers |
Company facts
Legal name Ember & Oak Coffee Co., LLC
Structure Oregon limited liability company, taxed as an S corporation
Formed June 2019
Ownership Maya Okafor-Lind 50%
Daniel Reyes 50%
Employees 17 today; 26 after the Alberta café opens
Flagship 2418 SE Division Street, Portland, OR 97202 — café (38 seats) and roastery
New site 1730 NE Alberta Street, Portland, OR 97211 — café (44 seats + 16 patio)
Banking Operating account with Columbia Ridge Community Bank since 2020
Our values
Direct where it counts. Four of our nine coffees come from producers we buy from every year.
Fair work. Every barista starts above Portland minimum wage, plus tips and paid sick time.
Good neighbors. 1% of café sales goes to the Division–Clinton and Alberta main-street associations.
03
What we sell
Products & Services
Three revenue lines share one roaster. The café brings in daily cash and builds the brand; wholesale and retail use the same beans to earn steady, higher-margin income.
78%of Year-1 revenue
Café
Espresso drinks, batch and pour-over coffee, house-made chai, and a short food menu baked each morning by our partner, Little Hearth Bakery. Average ticket is $7.85.
14%of Year-1 revenue
Wholesale
Roasted coffee, equipment set-up, and barista training for 31 accounts. Accounts sign 12-month agreements and buy an average of 38 lb a month.
8%of Year-1 revenue
Retail & online
12-oz bags in both cafés and two co-ops, plus subscriptions shipped every two or four weeks. 210 active subscribers with 4.1% monthly churn.
Core café menu
Drip coffee, 12 oz $3.50
Espresso / cortado $3.75 / $4.75
Latte or cappuccino, 12 oz $5.75
Single-origin pour-over $6.00
House chai or seasonal latte $6.25
Pastries & toast $4.25 – $9.50
Retail bag, 12 oz $18 – $24
Menu prices are the same at both cafés. Prices last changed in February 2026.
What is new at Alberta
- A slow bar. Six seats at a tasting counter for pour-overs and weekend cupping flights ($14 per guest).
- Evening hours, Thursday to Saturday. Open until 9 pm with natural wine and coffee cocktails under an OLCC limited on-premises license.
- Classes. Home-brewing and latte-art classes for 8 guests at $55 each, twice a month.
- A wholesale showroom. Restaurant buyers taste and train at the counter, which supports our wholesale growth on the north side of the city.
Unit economics. A 12-oz latte costs us $1.38 in coffee, milk, and cup, which is a 76% gross margin at $5.75. Food carries a 52% margin. Across the café menu, cost of goods is 28%.
04
Who we serve
Market Analysis
Portland has one of the highest rates of specialty coffee spending per person in the United States. Our market is the coffee bought away from home in the Portland metro area, and the realistic part of it is the specialty café trade within a 1.5-mile walk or bike ride of 1730 NE Alberta Street.
TAM
$590 million
Yearly spend on coffee and café food away from home across the Portland metro area (2.5 million residents).
SAM
$38 million
Specialty café spend in Northeast Portland: Alberta Arts, Concordia, King, Vernon, and Sabin neighborhoods.
SOM
$635,000
Alberta café sales in Year 3, equal to 1.7% of the serviceable market.
Target segments
45%
Neighborhood regulars
Residents aged 28–55 within one mile who visit 3–5 times a week. They drive morning volume and most loyalty sign-ups.
30%
Remote workers
Freelancers and hybrid staff who stay 1–3 hours. They raise the average ticket with a second drink and food.
25%
Destination visitors
Gallery, Last Thursday, and weekend visitors to Alberta Street. They buy retail bags and attend cuppings.
Percentages are the expected share of Alberta café transactions, based on Division Street loyalty data and a two-week foot-traffic count in August 2026.
Market trends
i. Specialty keeps gaining share. Specialty drinks are now a majority of coffee bought away from home, and the trend is strongest with buyers under 40.
ii. Neighborhood over downtown. Hybrid work moved weekday coffee buying from downtown cafés to residential main streets like Alberta.
iii. Traceability sells. Guests pay more for coffee with a named farm, and retail bags with producer stories sell 2× faster in our cafés.
iv. Green coffee prices are high. Arabica costs rose in 2024–25. We hold 5-month forward contracts and price this plan at today's costs.
05
Who else is on the street
Competitive Analysis
Four cafés compete for the same guests within a 10-minute walk of the Alberta site. None of them roasts its own coffee on site, and only one stays open in the evening. We do not plan to compete on price: our latte is priced in the middle of the group, and our advantage is freshness, menu depth, and a room people want to stay in.
| Café | Distance | 12-oz latte | Roasts own | Seats | Food | Evening | Main strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ember & Oak 1730 NE Alberta | — | $5.75 | Yes | 60 | Bakery partner | Thu–Sat | Fresh roast, slow bar, classes |
| Cedar Line Coffee Multi-roaster café | 0.3 mi | $6.00 | No | 24 | Pastry only | No | Loyal following, strong design |
| Northbound Espresso Local chain, 6 sites | 0.5 mi | $5.25 | Off-site | 30 | Full menu | No | Speed, mobile ordering |
| Little Fern Café Café and lunch spot | 0.4 mi | $5.50 | No | 40 | Full kitchen | Daily | Food, evening wine bar |
| Daybreak Drive-Thru National franchise | 0.9 mi | $4.95 | No | 0 | Packaged | No | Convenience, price |
Positioning map
Our position
The top-right corner of the map is empty. Cedar Line serves excellent coffee but has 24 seats and closes at 3 pm. Little Fern is a comfortable room, but coffee is a side line. Ember & Oak will be the place on Alberta to stay for coffee that was roasted this week.
How we defend it
- Coffee no more than 10 days off the roaster, printed on every bag
- A slow bar and classes that chains cannot copy cheaply
- Evening hours Thursday to Saturday, when only Little Fern is open
- Members earn points at both cafés and online
06
How we fill the room
Marketing & Sales Strategy
We start the Alberta café with an audience, not from zero: 4,600 loyalty members, 210 coffee subscribers, and 11,800 Instagram followers. The launch plan turns that audience into the first month of regulars.
From first visit to regular
AwarenessPre-opening
Construction-window signs with a QR code from January. A “Coffee on Us” card mailed to 6,000 households in 97211 and 97217. Two pop-up cuppings at the Alberta Street Fair.
2,500email sign-ups before opening
First visitOpening month
Free drip coffee for opening week. A grand-opening Saturday with Little Hearth Bakery. Existing members get double points at Alberta for the first 30 days.
2,500transactions in month 1
ReturnMonths 2–6
Loyalty sign-up at the till, with a free drink on the sixth visit. Weekly email with new coffees and class dates. Remote-worker weekday “refill” pricing at $2.
**45%**of guests return within 30 days
AdvocateOngoing
Classes and cupping flights for gifts. Local partnerships with Alberta galleries for Last Thursday. Wholesale buyers introduced at the showroom counter.
12new wholesale accounts by Year 2
Year-1 marketing budget: $30,000
Opening offers & events $10,000 Direct mail $7,000 Social & local ads $6,000 Signs & print $4,000 Loyalty platform $3,000
Pre-opening spend of $7,000 is paid from the loan (see Use of Funds). The $30,000 above is the Year-1 operating budget in the projected P&L.
Wholesale sales
Daniel Reyes leads wholesale sales with one part-time account rep. The target is restaurants and offices north of I-84, where delivery from Division Street used to add a day. The Alberta café becomes a second drop point, cutting delivery time to same-day.
Wholesale revenue grows from $148,000 in 2026 to $190,000 in Year 1 and $260,000 in Year 3, at an average of $10.60 per pound.
07
How we run it
Operations Plan
Location
1730 NE Alberta Street is a 1,650 sq ft corner unit with south-facing windows and space for a 16-seat patio. Our letter of intent covers a 10-year lease with two 5-year options at $6,500 a month (about $47 per sq ft a year), with three months of free rent during build-out.
The unit was a bakery until 2025. It has a grease trap, 200-amp service, and a vent hood, which saves an estimated $35,000 against a raw space. Build-out is 10 weeks with Stonecrop Builders, who built our Division Street bar.
Hours
Monday–Wednesday 6:30 am–6 pm. Thursday–Saturday 6:30 am–9 pm. Sunday 7 am–6 pm. Total of 89 open hours a week.
Key suppliers
| Supplier | Supplies | Terms |
|---|---|---|
| Ember & Oak Roastery | All coffee, roasted 3× a week | Internal |
| Cascadia Green Imports | Green coffee, 5-month forward contracts | Net 30 |
| Willamette Valley Dairy | Milk and cream, daily delivery | Net 15 |
| Little Hearth Bakery | Pastries and bread, daily | Weekly |
| Rose City Paper Co. | Compostable cups and packaging | Net 30 |
| Brewline Service | Espresso machine service contract | Quarterly |
Alberta staffing plan
| Role | Headcount | Status | Pay rate | Annual hours | Annual wages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Café manager Theo Whitcombe, promoted from Division St | 1 | Full-time, salaried | $54,000/yr | 2,080 | $54,000 |
| Shift lead | 1 | Full-time | $20.00/hr | 2,080 | $41,600 |
| Baristas Plus pooled tips, avg. $6/hr | 5 | Part-time, 17 hrs/wk | $18.00/hr | 4,400 | $79,200 |
| Total wages | 7 | 8,560 | $174,800 | ||
| Payroll taxes & benefits (12%) | $20,976 | ||||
| Total Alberta labor cost | $195,776 |
Two more hires, a roastery production assistant and a part-time wholesale account rep, join the shared team at Division Street. Owners and the head roaster are paid from the consolidated payroll shown in the projected P&L.
07
Operations, continued
Milestones & Opening Timeline
The schedule below assumes loan approval in December 2026. Every date has two weeks of float, and the lease starts the rent clock only after the certificate of occupancy is issued.
Dec 2026
Loan approved
SBA 7(a) approval; lease signed with 3 months free rent.
Jan 2027
Permits & build-out
City permits filed; Stonecrop starts a 10-week build.
Feb 2027
Equipment ordered
3-group espresso machine and grinders; 8-week lead time.
Mar 2027
Hiring & training
Seven hires train for two weeks at Division Street.
Apr 3, 2027
Grand opening
Soft open March 29; grand opening Saturday April 3.
Jan 2028
Break-even
Month 10: Alberta covers all costs, incl. loan payment.
Operating milestones after opening
| By | Milestone | Measure | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|
| Month 3 | Evening service live, Thursday–Saturday | OLCC license issued; 40 covers per evening | Maya Okafor-Lind |
| Month 6 | Classes and cupping flights running | 2 classes a month, 75% full | Theo Whitcombe |
| Month 10 | Alberta break-even | Monthly sales above $40,350 | Theo Whitcombe |
| Month 12 | Year-1 targets met | Alberta sales $400K; 2,000 new loyalty members | Maya Okafor-Lind |
| Month 18 | North-side wholesale growth | 12 new accounts, same-day delivery | Daniel Reyes |
| Month 24 | Second roaster shift | 4,000 lb a month roasted | Daniel Reyes |
Quality control
Every roast batch is cupped before release. Both cafés dial in espresso at opening and at noon, and log recipes in a shared sheet. The café manager runs a monthly service audit against the Division Street standard.
Systems
Both cafés use the same POS, loyalty program, scheduling software, and inventory par sheets. One bookkeeper closes the books for both cafés each month, with a location-level P&L by the 10th.
Key risks & mitigations
Slower ramp. If sales reach only 85% of plan, the reserve plus Division Street cash still covers 14 months of Alberta losses.
Build-out overrun. Fixed-price bid with a 10% contingency inside the $78,000; Stonecrop carries the schedule risk.
Coffee prices. Forward contracts fix 5 months of green coffee; a $0.50 menu increase offsets a 20% price rise.
08
Who runs it
Management Team
The owners have run Ember & Oak together for seven years and each owns half of the company. Both personally guarantee the loan. An outside CFO advisor and an experienced café manager complete the team.
MO
Maya Okafor-Lind
Co-founder · CEO & Director of Cafés
Maya runs café operations, people, and finance. Before Ember & Oak she spent nine years with a Seattle café group, where she rose from barista to regional manager of five stores and led two new-store openings. She designed the hiring, training, and opening checklists that the Alberta team will use.
B.A. Business Administration, Portland State University · SCA Barista Skills Professional · Board member, Division–Clinton Business Association
DR
Daniel Reyes
Co-founder · Head Roaster & Wholesale
Daniel buys green coffee, roasts every batch, and manages all 31 wholesale accounts. He grew up on his family's coffee farm in Huila, Colombia, and roasted for two Portland roasters before founding the company. He built the direct relationships behind four of our nine coffees.
Q Arabica Grader · SCA Roasting Professional · Judge, regional brewers cup 2023–2025
TW
Theo Whitcombe
Alberta Café Manager (from March 2027)
Theo joined as a barista in 2021 and has been Division Street's assistant manager since 2024, running scheduling, ordering, and the closing shift. He has completed our 14-month manager development program and will lead the Alberta café from hiring day.
ServSafe Manager certified · OLCC service permit · Lives four blocks from the Alberta site
PN
Priya Natarajan, CPA
Fractional CFO & Advisor
Priya has advised Ember & Oak since 2022, preparing monthly financial statements, tax filings, and the projections in this plan. She works with 14 Portland food and beverage businesses through her firm, Natarajan Advisory.
CPA, Oregon · Former senior manager, restaurant practice of a regional accounting firm
09
Use of funds
Financial Plan
The total project cost is $225,000. The SBA loan covers 80% and the owners contribute 20% in cash from retained earnings, which is held today in the company's savings account.
SBA 7(a) loan
$180,000
80% of project cost
Owner equity
$45,000
20% of project cost, cash on hand
Startup costs & use of funds
| Item | Detail | Amount | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Build-out & equipment | |||
| Leasehold improvements | Bar, slow bar, restrooms, patio, finishes | $78,000 | 34.6% |
| Espresso & brewing equipment | 3-group espresso machine, grinders, brewers | $46,500 | 20.6% |
| Furniture, fixtures & signage | 60 seats, shelving, exterior sign | $21,500 | 9.6% |
| POS, technology & security | Two terminals, network, cameras | $6,000 | 2.7% |
| Pre-opening | |||
| Opening inventory | Coffee, milk, bakery, cups, retail stock | $12,000 | 5.3% |
| Lease deposit & first rent | Security deposit plus 2 months at $6,500 | $19,500 | 8.7% |
| Permits, licenses & professional fees | Building permit, OLCC, legal, SBA fees | $8,500 | 3.8% |
| Pre-opening marketing | Direct mail, signs, opening week offers | $7,000 | 3.1% |
| Hiring & training | Two weeks of paid training for 7 hires | $6,000 | 2.7% |
| Reserve | |||
| Working capital | Covers ramp-up losses before break-even | $20,000 | 8.9% |
| Total project cost | $225,000 | 100% |
Where the money goes
Build-out & equipment $152,000 (67.6%) Pre-opening $53,000 (23.5%) Reserve $20,000 (8.9%)
Two-thirds of the project buys long-lived assets that also secure the loan. Build-out is depreciated over 15 years and equipment over 7 years, which adds about $16,100 a year to the depreciation line in the projected P&L.
09
Three-year projection
Projected Profit & Loss
Consolidated: Division Street café, Alberta café, roastery, and wholesale. Year 1 runs April 2027 – March 2028. All figures in US dollars.
| Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | |||
| Café sales — Division Street | 640,000 | 665,000 | 685,000 |
| Café sales — Alberta Street | 400,000 | 550,000 | 635,000 |
| Wholesale coffee | 190,000 | 220,000 | 260,000 |
| Retail bags & subscriptions | 110,000 | 125,000 | 155,000 |
| Total revenue | 1,340,000 | 1,560,000 | 1,735,000 |
| Cost of goods sold 29.0% · 28.5% · 28.0% of revenue | (388,600) | (444,600) | (485,800) |
| Gross profit | 951,400 | 1,115,400 | 1,249,200 |
| Operating expenses | |||
| Payroll, taxes & benefits | 560,000 | 612,000 | 655,000 |
| Rent & occupancy (3 sites) | 180,000 | 185,000 | 190,000 |
| Utilities, repairs & maintenance | 40,000 | 43,000 | 46,000 |
| Marketing | 30,000 | 28,000 | 30,000 |
| Insurance, admin & professional fees | 36,000 | 38,000 | 40,000 |
| Card processing & software | 36,000 | 41,000 | 45,000 |
| Depreciation | 22,000 | 22,000 | 22,000 |
| Total operating expenses | 904,000 | 969,000 | 1,028,000 |
| Operating income (EBIT) | 47,400 | 146,400 | 221,200 |
| Interest on SBA loan | (18,400) | (17,200) | (15,900) |
| Net income | 29,000 | 129,200 | 205,300 |
The company is a pass-through entity, so net income is shown before the owners' personal income tax.
EBITDA, Year 1 $69,400 $168,400 in Year 2 · $243,200 in Year 3
Annual debt service $29,146 $2,429 × 12 months
DSCR, Year 1 2.38× 5.78× in Year 2 · 8.34× in Year 3
Net margin, Year 1 2.2% 8.3% in Year 2 · 11.8% in Year 3
09
Growth and break-even
Revenue Growth & Break-even
Company revenue by year
$781K
$842K
$1.34M
$1.56M
$1.74M
FY 2025Actual FY 2026Forecast Year 1Projected Year 2Projected Year 3Projected
Alberta café break-even
We count all of the Alberta café's fixed costs, including its full loan payment. Each sales dollar contributes 69 cents after coffee, food, and card fees (28% cost of goods plus 3% card fees).
Fixed costs / month $27,844 Rent $6,500 · labor $16,315 · other $2,600 · loan $2,429
Contribution margin 69% After COGS and card fees
Break-even sales $40,350 per month ($27,844 ÷ 0.69)
Daily guests needed 169 at a $7.85 average ticket
Alberta monthly sales, Year 1 ($ thousands)
Break-even $40.35K
20Apr 23May 26Jun 28Jul 30Aug 32Sep 35Oct 37Nov 39Dec 41Jan 43Feb 46Mar
Monthly sales total $400,000 for Year 1. Losses in months 1–9 are covered by the $20,000 working-capital reserve and cash flow from Division Street. Division Street has averaged $51,000 a month in 2026, so the ramp assumes Alberta reaches 80% of that level by month 10.
10
The ask
Funding Request & Appendix
Ember & Oak Coffee Co., LLC requests a $180,000 SBA 7(a) term loan to open the Alberta Street café.
Amount $180,000
Term 10 years, amortizing
Rate assumed 10.5% variable
Monthly payment $2,429
First draw January 2027
Equity injection $45,000 (20%)
Collateral & guarantees
- First lien on all Alberta equipment, fixtures, and leasehold improvements
- Blanket lien on business assets, including the Division Street roaster
- Unlimited personal guarantees from both owners
- Assignment of the Alberta lease, with landlord consent
Repayment
Payments are made from consolidated cash flow. Division Street alone produced enough cash in 2026 to cover the full annual payment of $29,146 more than twice over, so repayment does not depend on the Alberta café succeeding.
Appendix: supporting documents
A Business tax returns, 2023–2025, and year-to-date 2026 financial statements
B Personal financial statements (SBA Form 413) for both owners
C Letter of intent for 1730 NE Alberta Street
D Build-out bid from Stonecrop Builders and equipment quotes
E Monthly cash-flow projection, Year 1, by location
F Wholesale account list and the top 10 contracts
G Owner résumés and certifications
Key assumptions. Projections use 2026 menu prices with no increase, 2026 green-coffee contract costs, a 3% annual raise for all staff, and Oregon payroll taxes at current rates. Interest is calculated on a 10.5% rate; each 1-point change moves annual debt service by about $1,200.
Maya Okafor-Lind Co-founder & CEO · Date
Daniel Reyes Co-founder & Head Roaster · Date
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Frequently asked questions
What are the main sections of a business plan?
Most business plans have an executive summary, a company description, products or services, a market analysis, a competitor analysis, a marketing and sales plan, an operations plan, the management team, a financial plan, and a funding request. This template follows that order, which is the order banks and the SBA expect.
How long should a small business plan be?
A traditional plan for a bank loan or investors is usually 15 to 30 pages. A lean plan for internal use can be 1 to 5 pages. Write enough to answer what a lender will ask: who buys, why you win, how you operate, and when the business breaks even.
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